Plastic Surgery Advice

Choosing to undergo cosmetic surgery has potential pitfalls, therefore it is essential to do a lot of research. The desired end result of a procedure is never guaranteed however it is essential that whoever will be responsible for your procedure at least has the fundamentals in terms of qualifications and registrations.  The regulatory bodies listed below will hopefully help you make the right choice when it comes to choosing a surgeon or clinic.

General Medical Council (GMC) – It is perfectly legal for anyone to call themselves a cosmetic surgeon, for this reason it is essential you check that your potential surgeon is qualified. The general medical council is the independent regulator for doctors in the UK, all doctors in the UK have to be registered with the GMC. The GMC also keeps a Plastic surgery register which shows whether a doctor is fully trained in plastic surgery. British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons (BAAPS) – If a surgeon is a member of BAAPS, it means they have been fully trained for at least 6 years in plastic surgery and will appear on the GMC specialist register.  Members of BAAPS cover the whole range of cosmetic surgery and are also members of BAPRAS. British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons (BAPRAS) - As in the case of BAAPS, surgeons who have BAPRAS membership have demonstrated that they are fully trained in plastic surgery. The BAPRAS website contains a database of its members and their specialties. Healthcare commission – The healthcare commission is the official body which regulates the registration of private clinics and hospitals providing cosmetic surgery.  If a clinic or hospital is registered with the commission it is an indication that they are legally providing cosmetic surgery and laser treatments.

Think Surgery is the UK’s cosmetic surgery search engine which allows users to locate cosmetic surgeons and cosmetic surgery clinics throughout the UK.

Every one wants to be beautiful. If they are already beautiful, they want to become more beautiful. Increasing demand for perfect beauty and the advancement of technology in medicine had given birth to cosmetic surgery. Cosmetic surgery is a surgical method which enhances your physical appearance. It can be done either to correct your appearance which has undergone damage after an accident, or to simply enhance your facial and physical features, which tend to deteriorate with age.

Who uses Cosmetic surgery?

Just about anyone who wants to improve his/her look goes for cosmetic surgery. It is not limited to women. According to a survey 11% of men also opt for cosmetic surgery. It can be a painful and an expensive procedure. It is not covered under your insurance policy. Hence cosmetic surgery is considered to be the domain of the rich and famous.

Where can I get it done?

Check your local listings or ask your family physician for links to a good and reputed plastic or cosmetic surgeon. Always make sure that the surgeon is certified by either The American board of plastic surgery, or the American board of cosmetic surgery.

What do I need to go through?

Every one is scared of surgery. More so if it is done on your face area. Ask the doctor about the pros and cons involved in the procedure. Ask him his experience in the field. Every cosmetic surgery may have certain risks involved. It is always good to be clear about the entire procedure before you start.

Ask the doctor how long you need to be away from work, will it be painful, and about the best and worst case scenarios post cosmetic surgery. He may have an album displaying pictures of previous patients if they have given him permission to use it. Check the before and after pictures to give you a brief idea about how you may look post cosmetic surgery.

What it does not do?

Remember, getting a facelift or a nose job done does not change the person within you. You are still the same person from inside.

How they used to look before the interventions. Rhinoplasties, face lifts, silicone valleys and the whole other stuff.

Plastic surgery is the over-arching term for both reconstructive surgery and cosmetic surgery. The physician does specialty training in plastic surgery to qualify him or her to do either of those types of surgery. Typically, the surgeon will focus on one or the other. So if you need reconstructive work done on your hands, for instance, after a burn injury, you would go to a plastic surgeon. But if you want to enlarge your breasts so as to have a better-proportioned body shape, you would see a cosmetic surgeon.

Cosmetic surgery is growing fast in popularity and in response, cosmetic surgeons have been expanding their array of offerings. The American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) assembles statistics each year, categorized in many ways. In 2006, the top five cosmetic procedures were, in this order:

· Breast Augmentation – 329,000

· Nose Reshaping (Rhinoplasty) – 307,000

· Liposuction –303,000

· Eyelid Surgery (Blepharoplasty) – 233,000

· Tummy Tucks (Abdominoplasty) – 233,000

Those numbers have been rounded off. They include both men and women and are surgeries, as opposed to “non-invasive” procedures.

The ASPS gives the top five minimally-invasive procedures for 2006 as:

· Botox Injections (for smoothing forehead wrinkles) – 4.1 million

· Chemical Peels (for rejuvenating facial skin) – 1.1 million

· Laser Hair Removal – 887,000

· Microdermabrasion (for rejuvenating facial skin) – 817,000

· Hyaluronic Acid Injections (for plumping up facial skin) – 778,000

Clearly, a desire for a more youthful shape and younger-looking skin are widespread. As the Baby Boomers continue to age, we can probably expect cosmetic surgery to expand even more in popularity. The Liposuction procedure encompasses reshaping of many body areas, as it can be done on the abdomen, thighs, hips, buttocks, upper arms, chin and perhaps every other area, depending on the individual case.

There are many more rejuvenating procedures offered by cosmetic surgeons, other than these top five listed above. You can have your ears reshaped, chin and cheekbones enlarged, lips plumped up, neck and face lifted, breasts reduced or lifted, and many more.

The best way to start sorting through what is available is to look at some cosmetic surgeon websites. When you feel ready, you can email one of them to arrange for what is usually a free initial consultation. Cosmetic surgeons are very interested in patient education, so you will be able to have your questions clearly answered, and will meet the staff and be given a tour of the facilities. Cosmetic surgery facilities tend to be extremely relaxing and pleasant, and the staff will be focused on providing for your comfort.

Blepharoplasty/ Eyelid Surgery: Affordable Cosmetic Plastic Surgery

By: Edwin Paul Magallona, MD

A blepharoplasty or eyelid surgery is commonly a cosmetic and aesthetic surgery which improves on a person’s tired look as a result of excess folds of skin on the upper eyelids, bags around the lower eyelids and drooping eyebrows. Basically the procedure takes out excess skin, fat and muscle. When it is performed with the goal of improving vision, it then becomes reconstructive in nature. As we go through life and accumulate additional years, the effects of gravity, loss of skin elasticity, sun exposure and daily stress all leave their marks.

Realistically, eyelid surgery or blepharoplasty will never stop the aging process, may never take the stress out of your life, or may not even give you that extra energy you need daily. However it may still effectively take years off your looks and “turn back the clock” by removing excess skin, fat, and muscle. For those who have severe physical manifestations to start with, this cosmetic surgery may at least may one look his fair age. The end result is rejuvenation, giving each patient that fresh and bright look.

All patients interested in the procedure will need an informative and meaningful consultation with a certified cosmetic plastic surgeon. The patient is expected to discuss all expectations with regards to looking and feeling better after her blepaharoplasty or eyelid surgery. He should keep in mind though that the desired result is basically reasonable improvement and realistic enhancement and never impossible and unachievable “perfection”. Emotional stability and realistic expectation in patients is a must. Having a “new” look from an eyelid surgery never entitles or guarantees a better relationship nor successful job in life. It solely improves appearance and possibly helps boosts self confidence. This is truly what blepharoplasty may just do for you. How you handle the positive physical effects and gains of an eyelid surgery is actually up to you.

Blepharoplasty takes approximately 1-2 hours and can take longer if combined with other cosmetic plastic surgery procedures as a temporal lift, facelift, and browlift. This surgery may be safely done in an outpatient setting or in a hospital basis under local anesthesia with or without light sedation, or even under general anesthesia if combined with other procedures. If sedation and local anesthesia is chosen, this would allow one to be comfortable during surgery while the eyelid skin is completely numb. Most patients are however able to tolerate surgery with just local anesthesia and with just the same results.

The operative technique of a blepharoplasty is most of the time performed first on the upper lid followed by the lower lid. Incisions are made following natural lines and creases which effects maximal concealment. Working through the incision, your cosmetic plastic surgeon separates the skin from underlying fat and muscle. Excess skin and protruding fat is excised.

Wound closures are always meticulously done by your cosmetic plastic surgeon. Though scars are expected and are natural consequences of any incision or surgery, your cosmetic plastic surgeon will try his best to keep them hardly noticeable as possible. After surgery, dressings may be placed over the wound with antibacterial ointment applied. Post blepharoplasty patients are instructed bed rest for at least a day and ordered to avoid any exertions as to cause increase in blood pressure in the facial area for at least a week. Cold compress is applied for a day while stitches are out after usually 5 days. Most patients do return to work after 2-3 weeks.

All operations including cosmetic plastic surgeries have their small share of complications and risks. Bleeding, infection, and healing problems are possible though not so common. Any pain or discomfort may be effectively controlled more often than not by the right over the counter oral medications. It is prudent however to inform your plastic surgeon or any staff member of any bothersome and persistent problems. Swelling and bruising/ skin discolorations are common and expected and usually resolve in a week or two. A sense of numbness and tightness is usually present which eventually improves and subsides.

For the potential plastic surgery patient in general, it is strongly advised to consult with a certified plastic surgeon. Patients are strongly encouraged to ask around and be properly and thoroughly informed regarding the procedures they desire whether it be cosmetic or reconstructive in nature. Your certified cosmetic plastic surgeon will display adequate knowledge, skill and care prior, during and after surgery.

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Dr. Edwin Paul Magallona is a Board certified Plastic Cosmetic and Reconstructive Surgeon based in Metro Manila, Philippines.

For more information on Philippine Cosmetic Plastic Surgery..visit http://www.philippinecosmeticplasticsurgery.com or contact +639175006695/ (+632)5315692, 5315012

Aging faces are everywhere and if you want to keep your job, maintain a positive earning power and remain confident in your appearance you might want to immediately begin a facial exercise regime.

It is the truth: Age discrimination is a fact of life in the corporate world.

The once handsome and debonair faces are drooping and that double chin is winning. The once beautiful face is amassing jowls and the resemblance to mother is developing.

This can be the poison pill in the corporate world because old faces can equate to old ideas. For more than twenty years psychologists and HR personnel studies demonstrate that appearance has a great deal to do with making more money and maintaining the status quo.

If you have experienced age discrimination, it’s all about the face because no one looks at your knees and tells you you’re too old, you may want to consider making simple lifestyle changes now before one or two incidents escalate into a serious matter.

There are only a few options when someone doesn’t like your face or your face does not support who you are:

• You can take your two or three week vacation, schedule a surgical procedure in hopes that by the time you are needed back at work, the healing of tissue and bruising will not be tell-tale evidence of your surgery.

• Fill your face with fillers to prop up lines and wrinkles and paralyze your forehead and the region around your eyes.

• Have strings inserted to temporarily hold up heavy cheeks and jowls.

Surgery and non-invasive procedures that involve injecting substances into your face, near your eyes and mouth may initially produce a younger looking face but you must ask yourself, "How many years do I have to do this?"

Is there sufficient testing of the substances to allay your fears of self-poisoning? What if these substances go the way of Vioxx, Rezulin or Seldane? These are only three of numerous drugs that have been removed after years of use when detrimental side-effects are known. This could indeed happen to injectable cosmetic fluids. Scary indeed. It is a fact that about half of new drugs are removed from the market or have significant warnings added to their labels within seven years of release.

The nip/tuck mentality has permeated the airwaves, slick publications and now the internet. Years past only those who were affected by accident or disease would consider having face work and that was in a medical capacity; now, even teenagers are targeted and marketed so they will adopt ideas into their psyche and words into their vocabulary that somehow makes it all okay for them to use plastic surgery and injections to alter themselves.

The irony is that even though surgeries and injections are on the rise, there are no guarantees that the procedures you choose will be successful. Even the most well-intentioned surgeries can go awry as evidenced at awfulplasticsurgery.com.

As a mature adult, looking healthier and younger is important and you do not have to risk your life to make it happen when you choose exercise over surgery and injections.

Consider this: Most plastic surgery procedures, including injections, will maybe shave off 5 to 10 years from your appearance. Each and every procedure is temporary so repeat procedures will be required. Pumping up your face with fillers and paralyzers year after year is an interesting concept and then supplementing with various surgical procedures may produce strange and freaky results.

That’s why exercise is beneficial for every face because you know what the outcome will be – you will look like you – like you did ten to fifteen years ago.

Sagging facial muscles means droopy skin because the muscles no longer have any oomph to them. Exercise will oxygenate the muscles and that helps your skin to look younger and alive. Lifting is noticeable almost immediately as the skin and muscles are enhanced with exercise.

Using exercise is a natural and safe alternative to surgical procedures and the results will be better than expected as you see lifting, toning and tightening of your facial features

Not just any exercise will do. It has been proven that isometric exercise is beneficial for the body. The action of tensing and releasing a muscle or muscle group strengthens them. Target specialized isometrics with resistance using the fingers and thumbs and the face begins to change as muscles reposition.

Imagine having a complete face lift using simple exercises that require only minutes a day. Every area of your face can look smoother and toned. Skin elasticity improves, your features are lifted and your skin glows with radiance.

Your confidence level soars as you feel and see that you look younger than your years. Trim your waist, lift your face, update your hair style and stay on top of your game for lasting success.

Cynthia Rowland is widely recognized as an expert in all natural facial fitness with over thirty years experience in health & beauty related fields. She has appeared on The View, NBC 4, Fit TV, HGTV and other popular shows. This author, speaker and television personality is leading the crusade to keep men and women looking vibrantly younger through natural techniques without spending their children’s inheritance.

quently I get requests from patients for the desire to transform a round face into a more shapely appearance. One cause of a round face is that the patient is overweight. A full neck, round cheeks, and a lot of subcutaneous fat throughout the face creates a generalized fullness that creates a fat and round face. These patients know full well that they are overweight and some liposuction of the neck and buccal lipectomies may make some difference. But weight loss will probably make the most difference in these cases. And these procedures should not be performed until some weight loss has been achieved.

But the overweight patient is not what usually makes up the ’round face’ patient. Most commonly these are younger patients that are not significantly overweight and are usually closer to being more height and weight porportionate. They may have some mild fullness in the cheeks and neck but often their bony prominences (cheeks, chin, or jaw angles) may be somewhat deficient. The approach to these patients must deal with both hard and soft tissues issues to be effective at improving the face’s angularity and definition.

In addition to the fullness of the cheeks and neck, the next most important consideration in facial shape improvement should look at the chin. Often it may only be midly short in the horizontal dimension but the width of the chin is also important, particularly in the male patient. Chin implants today can provide more projection as well as width in many different sizes. Placed through a small incision under the chin bone, a chin implant can lend more definition and squareness to the lower face from subtle to dramatic results.

Upper facial fullness, more specifically midfacial fullness, can be achieved through cheek implants. Placed into position by incisions inside the mouth under the upper lip, cheek implants can provide good highlights through three-dimensional enhancement of the bone as it wraps around the area below the eye. An amazing aray of cheek and midface implants is available to provide a lot of enhancements around this important facial landmark. When paired cheek implants are combined with a chin implant, an upside down triangle of change is created that directly opposes a more round or oval facial shape.

Jaw angle implants are always a possibility but these are rarely needed in most really round faces. They can produce some lateral facial fullness but this is not usually helpful in ‘de-rounding’ the face in most patients.

The procedures of buccal lipectomies, neck and jowl liposuction, chin and cheel implants make up the usual plastic surgery tools for facial rehaping. Which one or a combination of procedures is most helpful for improving facial definition is best determined by careful computer imaging study during the consultation with your plastic surgeon.

A report by the Confederation of Indian industry estimates that this year close to half a million foreign patient’s traveled to India for reconstructive surgery, bone marrow, kidney transplants, neurosurgery, joint replacement and dental implants. Medical tourism is booming as governments battle to provide services. A vision of moonlight on the Taj Mahal is probably the last thing on the mind of anyone considering the surgery. For a little more than the price in foreign, patience traveled to India and takes a side trip to the Taj, with all transport and accommodation arranged through their surgeons in India, medical tourism is growing exponentially. Many will also opt for a recuperative holiday to round out their stay hospital waiting lists; the high cost of private medical insurance and the scarcity of the surgeons are all driving the industry. The growth of medical tourism for reconstructive surgery in India allows patients to regain some of the control lost to them in their local public systems, as well as slash the cost of specialist fees.

 What is reconstructive surgery?

 It’s estimated that more that one million reconstructive procedures are performed by plastic surgeons every year. Reconstructive surgery helps patients of all ages and types – whether it’s a child with a birth defect, a young adult injured in an accident, or an older adult with a problem caused by aging. The goals of reconstructive surgery differ from those of cosmetic surgery. Reconstructive surgery is performed on abnormal structures of the body, caused by birth defects, developmental abnormalities, trauma or injury, infection, tumors, or disease. It is generally performed to improve function, but may also be done to approximate a normal appearance.

 Who has reconstructive surgery?

 There are two basic categories of patients: those who have congenital deformities, otherwise known as birth defects, and those with developmental deformities, acquired as a result of accident, infection, disease, or in some cases, aging. Some common examples of congenital abnormalities are birthmarks; cleft-lip and palate deformities; hand deformities such as syndactyly (webbed fingers), or extra or absent fingers; and abnormal breast development. Burn wounds, lacerations, growths, and aging problems are considered acquired deformities. In some cases, patients may find that a procedure commonly thought to be aesthetic in nature may be performed to achieve a reconstructive goal. For example, some older adults with redundant or drooping eyelid skin blocking their field of vision might have eyelid surgery. Or an adult whose face has an asymmetrical look because of paralysis might have a balancing facelift. Although appearance is enhanced, the main goal of the surgery is to restore function.

 Patients planning to undergo reconstructive surgery should make sufficient inquiries to their doctor regarding the surgery, surgery procedures, risks, cost estimates and alternate treatments available etc. The surgery cost depends upon its complications and also depends on specific hospitals and geographical areas and even countries. For e.g. In India, reconstructive surgery is performed at a very low cost, compared to countries like United States.

 To know more about reconstructive surgery in India:

 http://www.dheerajbojwani.com

 Submit your case details at:

 contact@dheerajbojwani.com

s a source of environmental pollution what is the solution?

Dr.Kedar Karki

Background:

Plastics are synthetic substances produced by chemical reactions. Almost all plastics are made from petroleum, except a few experimental resins derived from corn and other organic substances.

“Plastics” derived their name from their properties to be molded, cast, extruded or processed into a variety of forms, including solid objects, films and filaments. These properties arise from their molecular structure. Plastics are polymers, very long chain molecules that consist of subunits (monomers) linked together by chemical bonds. The monomers of petrochemical plastics are inorganic materials (such as styrene) and are not biodegradable.

Plastic has many properties which has made it a raw material of choice for Manufactures of plastic Bags and packing materials. Cost of production, light weight, strength, easy process of manufacture, and availability are few of the properties. There is nothing wrong with plastic as a material. Man has simply not put the plastic to the right use/ or using it without taking proper care of other related norms of usage.

PLASTIC AS PACKING MATERIAL:

Plastic has replaced the traditional material (paper/cloth etc) as packing and carry bags because of cost and convenience which is possibly a wrong choice of material for such use. Even though plastic bags can preserve food and can be used for growing vegetables in a controlled environment, their method of disposal has creates unprecedented pollution problem.

Plastic has many more uses other than Plastic Bags and Packing material. It is used for manufacturing of protective covers and parts for many machines, which should be the preferred utility for plastic.

SHOPPING CULTURE IN EARLIER DAYS:

Before the advent of poly-bags, people did shop, buy things, bring eatables from the market, and did the same marketing as is done now. How did they do it? The raw material for the bag was decided by its usage. Cloth bags for lighter items, Gunny bags/Jute bags for voluminous and heavier goods. The cost did not justify use and discard attitude. These bags were washable and reusable lasting for six months to a year.

Plastic and its Environmental Hazards:

The hazards plastics pose are numerous. The land gets littered by plastic bag garbage presenting an ugly and unhygienic seen. The “Throw away culture” results in these bags finding their way in to the city drainage system, the resulting blockage cases inconvenience, difficult in maintaining the drainage with increased cost, creates unhygienic environment resulting in health hazard and spreading of water borne diseases. This littering also reduces rate of rain water percolating, resulting in lowering of already low water levels in our cities. The soil fertility deteriorates as the plastic bags form part of manure remains in the soil for years.

It has been observed that the animals eating the bags sometimes die. Plastic goes into the ocean which is already a plastic infested body of water. Fish and other marine species in the water ways, misunderstanding plastic garbage as food items swallow them and die.

SHOULD PLASTIC BE TOTALLY BANNED?

Many household utility items like needle, scissors, and blades can heart if not handled properly. Children need to be trained in their proper handling. These utility items are not banned. But because of throw away culture and no objection from passer by, the advice on sensible disposal of plastic bags are not heeded by general public forcing the government to consider banning of plastic bags all together.

“Should plastic carry bags and bottles be banned in totality?” – is a heated issue today. World annual average is a alarming 18 kg. But too many do it as our cities have huge population. The country yet to take a serious view of the issue and have a uniform nation-wide law for indiscreet disposals of plastic bags. People should be educated on the proper ways of plastic bag usage and the disposal. The teaching should start right from the primary schools. Plastic is an eco-friendly material. The real problem is littering, some claim. But there is hardly anybody who agrees with such viewpoint.

Thinking rationally, the whole idea of educating people about plastic bags, although very ambitious, and it is as difficult as banning smoking The conventional older and tested alternatives offers an easy, if not fully equitable and practical solution.

And all the hype that poly-bags pollute is not totally false. It is not that poly-bags are responsible for the ills, of course not, it is the humans. It is ignorance (or who cares attitude). We have not banned sewing needles they pierce through the skin. It’s a stupid idea. Whether it is the common citizen, the government official or the hard-hit plastic bag manufacturer, all of them agree on one point – firm steps are required to be taken against littering of plastic bags and bottles all around.

THE GLOBAL DIMENSION:

More than a 100 million tonnes of plastic is produced world-wide each year. Though plastics have opened the way for a plethora of new inventions and devices it has also ended up clogging the drains and becoming a health hazard. Many countries, including India, are trying to increase the amount of plastic that is recycled. But commercial interests create hindrance for effective legislation to remove plastics from goods where they can threaten public health. Also there is a clear trend of shipping off the plastic waste of developed countries to under developed and developing countries.

FUTURE ALTERNATIVE – ECO-FRIENDLY PLASTICS:

However newer technology is also being developed in this regard. This entails the use of DEGRADABLE PLASTICS. The principal is to incorporate into the plastic some chemical that is photodegradable/biodegradable or chemically treatable.

By adding starch, biodegradable plastics are generally made. On burial such plastics are attacked by bacteria feeding on starch, which breaks these down into tiny particles that disappear harmlessly into the soil. Some common examples of biodegradable plastics are the use of “non-removable” suture materials in surgery or capsules for drugs, which dissolve slowly in body fluids.

Chemically degradable plastics can be broken up by spraying them with a solution that causes them to dissolve. For example such material can be used as a protective wax covering for new cars that wash off at the dealer’s garage by a specially formulated spray. This spray reacts with one of the components of the plastic and causes it to dissolve into harmless materials which can be flushed down the drain.

Photo-degradable plastics contain chemicals that slowly disintegrate when exposed to light. In France, strips of photo-degradable plastic about 3 ft (1mtr) wide are used to retain heat in the soil and produce early crops. They last for about 1 to 3 years before rotting into the soil. But they have to be used in places with consistent amount of sunshine so that they decay at a predictable rate. In the USA, about one quarter of the plastic yokes that link beer cans in a six pack are made of plastic called Ecolyte, which is photo-degradable. But to stop them decaying too early, they must be stored away from direct sunlight, which can be of some inconvenience to the retailer.

However degradable plastic can have a few other problems. For example, it cannot be recycled because there is no easy way to measure its remaining life span. The biggest drawback is the cost of its production. Japanese scientists however claim that they will soon be able to produce much cheaper multipurpose biodegradable plastic. In order to obviate the disposal problems and to prevent

Environmental pollution caused by routinely used polythene packaging materials; it would be prudent, for the present, to use eco-friendly paper packaging. The manufacturers of plastic packaging like soft drink bottles/mineral water bottles etc must come forward and develop appropriate methods of disposal/own responsibility for disposal.

Plastic bags are so light and strong that they can carry normal weight, cheap and is used in all types of shops in our daily life. For example: bakeries, medical shops, grocery stores, hotels, etc. People are so accustomed to it, that they find it very difficult to part with it. Plastic bags have made it possible for people to go without bags to market or work place as these bags are availably for asking and can be thrown without a second thought.

People who go on picnics, visiting historic places, hill stations etc., to enjoy their holidays or just for a change carry with them eatables in containers, plastic bags, mineral water bottles (plastic), plastic plates and plastic cups and generally leave it in the open air after consuming the contents. One can find this in tourist centres scattered all over. Road-side vendors also use plastic cups to serve coffee or tea. The customers throw these cups on foot paths or near drains after consuming the contents.

These plastic materials are so light that they are carried away by the speed of the moving vehicle, wind etc., scattered all over, making the surroundings look ugly. There are instances wherein these materials have clogged the underground drains. People are in the habit of throwing things they don’t need wherever they like irrespective of the final result. People should be specially educated regarding the use of plastic in our daily life, as it is environment unfriendly. Boys and girls, men and women with bags on their backs and a stick in one hand walking long distances, picking up plastic waste, paper, bottles etc., from dust bins, road sides, is a common sight in our cities. These rag pickers sell the waste collected, to the collection centre to earn their livelihood. These materials are recycled.

The waste materials collected are of all types including plastic materials, such as plastic bags, plastic cups, plastic bottles etc. Instead of carrying these wastes away, they are burnt on the road side polluting the area with thick smoke which produce toxic gases (because of burning of plastic material) posing a health hazard. Inhaling of such gases causes lung diseases and even cancer. They resort to burning of waste material with the main intention of reducing the number of trips a lorry has to take. Plastic being non-degradable, when buried under the ground, arrest the percolation of water into the ground. Animals grazing in the field consuming this plastic waste along with grass cannot be ruled out. Now-a-days, in almost all functions, it has become a practice to use thin plastic sheets to cover the dining tables to give it a good look and also so that it is easy to clean the table, as left over can be removed by rolling the sheet at a stretch. These are thrown near the dust bin.

Besides this, thin plastic cups are also used for drinking water, which also finds a place in the dust bin. One can find near the dust bin, waiting slum children, crows, stray cows, dogs to share the leftovers. In this process, they fight amongst themselves and stray cows in majority of cases have consumed thin plastic sheets along with left over, leading to untold sufferings and also found dead on many occasions. It is therefore, suggested that a ban be placed on the use of plastic sheets, plastic cups, along with plastic bags. Plastic industries manufacturing plastic bags (below 20 microns) thin sheets, thin cups and thin bottles, should be informed about its ill-effects on the environment and advised not to manufacture such items. If the industry is located in a residential area, action should be taken to shift it immediately. The factory management should take all measures to control the pollution created, within the stipulated norms.

THE SOLUTION.

The solution lies in finding out:

1. Alternative suitable for making Bags and packing material at competitive rate and convenience without having any negative aspect.

2. Reaserch&Develpoment to make plastic more environments friendly.

3. Educate users to the right disposal methods.

4. Reduce the no of users by reducing the population in the long run.

5. Process vegetable, etc to higher density so as to reduce the no of bags required to pack and carry.

6. Encourage reusable bags from traditional materials by suitable advertisements to make it fashionable.

7. Cost of mfg bags with traditional material can be subsidized by printing advertisement on the bags.

Plastic surgery is no longer the domain of celebrities. All types of people pursue plastic surgery as a means of enhancing their satisfaction with their appearances. From mothers in their early 30s to baby boomer men in their 60s, plastic surgery has increasingly been accepted as a path to self improvement.

The entrance of plastic surgery into the mainstream is evident in the statistics about plastic surgery. Comprehensive survey data is collected by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons every year, and the results reveal the surprising popularity of plastic surgery among different demographic groups. Baby boomers are getting breast lifts, upper arm lifts, and facelifts, and mothers are not shy about turning to the “mommy makeover” procedures to rejuvenate their bodies.

In 2006, 11 million cosmetic procedures were performed in the United States. These procedures included plastic surgery and minimally invasive cosmetic treatments such as BOTOX® Cosmetic. Of the people receiving plastic surgery or cosmetic treatments, the overwhelming portion remain women who make up 90 percent of patients. However, men are showing a rising interest in cosmetic plastic surgery. The number of men pursuing cosmetic procedures has risen 8 percent between 2000 and 2006.

Baby Boomers and Plastic Surgery

At this time, the 40 to 54 age group, which includes both men and women, seeks plastic surgery the most often. With nearly 5 million procedures in 2006, this age group accounted for 45 percent of total patients. People age 55 and over made up one quarter of cosmetic procedures in 2006 at 26 percent. According to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons both of these age groups combined displayed a 12 percent rise in cosmetic procedures from 2005 to 2006.

People in the 40 to 54 age group and especially the age 55 and over group represent the famous baby boomer demographic. With a large segment of the population aging, the rise in cosmetic procedures makes sense, but the youthful attitude of many baby boomers prompts them to seek plastic surgery. Healthy and active lifestyles are becoming the norm for people as they enter their 50s and 60s, and the desire to look young is a natural reaction.

Data from the ASPS surveys indicate that since 2005 tummy tucks have increased 7 percent, breast lifts are up 11 percent, and facelifts went up an impressive 22 percent for the baby boomer age groups.

Mothers and Plastic Surgery

The Los Angeles plastic surgery procedures of breast augmentation, tummy tucks, and breast lifts are often dubbed “mommy makeover” surgeries. Although not all women who undergo these procedures are mothers, they do provide women unhappy with how pregnancy has changed their bodies with attractive options for rejuvenation. Among women of childbearing years, typically ages 20 to 39, plastic surgery is on the rise. For example, within this age group tummy tucks were up 9 percent in 2006 over the previous year and breast lifts rose 11 percent.

According to the ASPS, more childbearing women are turning to plastic surgery due to busy schedules and their need to return to their careers quickly after becoming mothers. However, other contributing factors are the broader availability of qualified plastic surgeons across many regions and the appeal of the results that can often be achieved. Tummy tucks for example are sometimes the only way to achieve a firmer and smoother torso once skin has been stretched by multiple pregnancies.

Furthermore, women often have a deep personal desire to slim and firm up their bodies after childbearing in order to boost their self image. Some women can take considerable pride in looking good after having children, and revitalizing some of the physical firmness of their pre-pregnancy bodies provides much satisfaction.

The types of people that seek Los Angeles plastic surgery and their reasons for wanting to enhance aspects of their physical appearances are diverse. Plastic surgery attracts women and men of all different ages. No single stereotype of the plastic surgery patient exists. People generally have a natural desire to improve and maintain their appearances according to their personal preferences, and for some people this includes plastic surgery.